THE WORLD BIRDS: Malagasy Warblers (Bernieridae)
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MALAGASY WARBLERS

Order Passeriformes    Family Bernieridae

These warbler-like birds are found in Madagascar. They are small forest birds and are not closely related to the Sylviidae Warblers or the Timaliidae Babblers that they have been previously linked with. Their resemblance is due to convergent evolution. Most Malagasy warblers live in the humid rainforests in the east of Madagascar, though a few species are found in the drier south west of the island. They feed on insects and will form mixed-species feeding flocks of up to six species while foraging.


Genus Bernieria - 1 species

Bernieria, Long-billed  Bernieria madagascariensis  Found: Madagascar
The Long-billed Bernieria has green upperparts; long bill. It is found in moist warm lowland forests.
Image by: 1) Daniel Guip  2) Dick Daniels - Madagascar  3) Robert Lewis



Genus Crossleyia - 1 species

Yellowbrow, Madagascar  also Yellow-browed Oxylabes  Crossleyia xanthophrys  Found: Madagascar
Image by: 1) nlb birder



Genus Cryptosylvicola - 1 species

Warbler, Cryptic    Cryptosylvicola randrianasoloi  Found: Madagascar
Image by: 1) Marcus Lilje



Genus Hartertula - 1 species

Jery, Wedge-tailed  Hartertula flavoviridis  Found: east Madagascar
The Wedge-tailed Jery has olive upperparts; yellow throat and upper-breast.
Image by: 1) Ross Tsai  2) Kristian Svensson



Genus Oxylabes - 1 species

Oxylabes, White-throated   Oxylabes madagascariensis  Found: Madagascar
Image by: 1) Joseph Smit   2) Paul French



Genus Randia - 1 species

Warbler, Rand's  Randia pseudozosterops  Found: Madagascar
Image by: 1) foto lulu



Genus Thamnornis - 1 species

Thamnornis  Thamnornis chloropetoides  Found: Madagascar
Image by: 1) Ross Tsai  2) Kristian Sevensson



Genus Xanthomixis

Tetraka, Appert's  Xanthomixis apperti  Found: southwest Madagascar
The Appert's Tetraka has green upperparts; darker wings;  gray head; white throat; orange underparts; pink bill; gray legs. Found in shrubs or on the ground.
Image by: 1) Laval Roy   2) Marcus Lilje


Tetrala,_Dusky  Xanthomixis tenebrosa  Found: Madagascar
Image by: 1) hbw.com


Tetraka, Gray-crowned  Xanthomixis cinereiceps  Found: Eastern and northern Madagascar
The Gray-crowned Tetraka has green upperparts; gray crown, nape; white eye-ring; pale underparts.
Image by: 1) Paul Ellis


Tetraka, Spectacled  Xanthomixis zosterops  Found: Madagascar
The Spectacled Tetraka has green upperparts; pale eye-ring; yellow throat.
Image by: 1) David Cook 2) Kristian Sevensson





Ciscolidae WARBLERs

  Order Passeriformes    Family Cisticolidae

The Cisticolidae family of small passerine birds is a group of about 110 warblers found mainly in warmer southern regions of the Old World. This family probably originated in Africa, which has the majority of species, but there are representatives of the family across tropical Asia into Australasia, and one species, the Zitting cisticola, even breeds in Europe.

These are generally very small birds of drab brown or grey appearance found in open country such as grassland or scrub. They are often difficult to see and many species are similar in appearance, so the song is often the best identification guide. These are insectivorous birds which nest low in vegetation.


Genus Apalis
They are found in forest, woodlands and scrub across most parts of sub-Saharan Africa. They are slender birds with long tails and have a slender bill for catching insects. They are typically brown, grey or green above and several species have brightly coloured underparts. Males and females are usually similar in appearance.

Apalis,_Bamenda  Apalis bamendae  Found: Cameroon
Image by: 1) Nigel Voaden  2) Marcel Holyoak 


Apalis,_Bar-throated  Apalis thoracica  Found: Africa
Depending on the subspecies, the upperparts of the Bar-throated Apalis can be gray or green while the underparts are white or pale yellow. All forms have a narrow black band across the breast, white outer tail-feathers and a pale eye. The black bill is fairly long and slender and is slightly curved. Females are similar to males but have a narrower breastband.
Similar to: Rudd's Apalis. Bar-throated Apalis has pale eye; Rudd's Apalis has black eye.
Image by: 1) Brian Ralphs - South Africa  2) Derek_Keats  3) Arno_Meintjes


Apalis,_Black-capped  Apalis nigriceps  Found: Africa
Image by: 1) Henrik Gronvold  2) Francesco Veronesi - Ghana
1) Male - top; female - bottom


Apalis,_Black-collared  Apalis pulchra Found: Africa
The Black-collared Apalis has white underparts with a wide black breast-band and rufous flanks.
Image by: 1) Nick Athanas - Kenya  2) John Gerrard Keulemans  3) Mike Comber - Kenya


Apalis,_Black-faced  also Mountain-masked Apalis  Apalis personata  Found: Africa
Image by: 1) Tom Tarrant - Uganda  2) Lip Kee - Rwanda


Apalis,_Black-headed  Apalis melanocephala  Found: Africa
The Black-headed Apalis has dark upperparts; white underparts.
Image by: 1) Francesco Veronesi - Malawi   2) Nik_Borrow - Tanzania


Apalis,_Black-throated  Apalis jacksoni  Found: Africa
Image by: 1, 2) Dave Curtis - Kenya  3, 4) Nick Athanas - Kenya


Apalis,_Brown-headed  Apalis alticola Found: central and east Africa
The Brown-headed Apalis has gray-brown upperparts becoming chocolate-brown on crown and cheeks; pale orange eyes; whitish underparts; pinkish legs.
Similar to: Gray Apalis. The Gray Apalis has gray-brown head; dark eyes.Brown-headed Apalis has brown hear, pale orange eyes.
Image by: 1) Per_Holmen - Tanzania  2) Nik_Borrow  3) Louis_Andre_Hansen  4) Barbara Lawrence - Tanzani


Apalis,_Buff-throated  Apalis rufogularis Found: Africa
The Buff-throated Apalis is found in in Angola, Benin, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Kenya, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia.
Image by: 1) Per_Holmen - Tanzania  2) Marc_LANGUY - Central African Republic  3) John_Caddick
1, 2) Female 3) Male


Apalis,_Chapin's  Apalis chapini Found: Malawi, Tanzania, Zambia
Image by: 1)Peter_Steward  2) Per_Holmen - Tanzania    3) Louis_Andre_Hansen - Tanzania


Apalis,_Chestnut-throated  Apalis porphyrolaema  Found: Africa
The Chestnut-throated Apalis has a chestnut (rufos) throat.
Image by: 1) Tom Tarrant  2) Francesco Veronesi - Uganda


Apalis,_Chirinda  Apalis chirindensis Found: Zimbabwe, Mozambique.
The Chirinda Apalis has gray upperparts, crown; whitish underparts, throat.
Image by: 1) hbw.com  2) Peter Ginn - Zimbabwe


Apalis,_Gosling's  Apalis goslingi Found: Africa
The Gosling's Apalis is found in Angola, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Gabon.
Image by: 1, 2) Marc_LANGUY - Cameroon  3) Steve Lewis


Apalis,_Gray  Apalis cinerea  Found: Africa
The Gray Apalis has gray upperparts; white underparts.
Similar to: Brown-headed Apalis. The Gray Apalis has gray-brown head; dark eyes.Brown-headed Apalis has brown hear, pale orange eyes.
Image by: 1) Peter Steward - Kenya  2, 3) Carol Foil - Kenya  4) Nick Athanas - Kenya


Apalis,_Karamoja  Apalis karamojae  Found: Tanzania, Uganda, Kenya
Image by: 1) Steve Popple - Tanzania  2) Per Holmen  3) Seronera_MikeGraham



Apalis,_Kungwe  Apalis argentea Found: Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, Tanzania.
The Kungwe Apalis was previously considered a subspecies of the Buff-throated Apalis. The Kungwe Apalis has paler gray upperparts.
Image by: 1) hbw.com


Apalis,_Masked  also  Lowland Masked Apalis  Apalis binotata  Found: Africa
Image by: 1) Dick Daniels - specimen in Nairobi National Museum, Kenya  2) Nik Borrow


Apalis,_Rudd's  Apalis ruddi  Found: Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa
The Bar-throated has gray or green upperparts; white or pale yellow underparts; narrow black band across the breast; black eye. The black bill is fairly long and slender and is slightly curved. Females are similar to males but have a narrower breastband.
Similar to: Bar-throated Apalis. Bar-throated Apalis has pale eye; Rudd's Apalis has black eye.
Image by: 1) Francesco Veronesi  2, 3) Derek_Keats


Apalis,_Ruwenzori  also  Collared Apalis  Apalis ruwenzorii  Found: Africa
Image by: 1) Marcell Claassen - Rwanda


Apalis,_Sharpe's  Apalis sharpii Found: Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone.
The Sharpe's Apalis has gray upperparts; paler gray underparts.
Image by: 1) Francesco_Veronesi - Ghana  2) Nik Borrow - Ghana  3) Mike Barth  4) Paul_Matson - Ghana


Apalis,_White-winged  Apalis chariessa Found: Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania.
Image by: 1) Dave_Montreuil  2) Margaret_Westrop


Apalis,_Yellow-breasted  Apalis flavida   Found: Africa
The Yellow-breasted Apalis has gray head; may be black breast patch; white throat; yellowish upper-breast.ß
Image by: 1) Steve Garvie - Abuko, The Gambia  2) Darren Bellerby - Crater Lake, Naivasha, Kenya  3, 4) Dick Daniels - Masai Mara  5) Nick Athanas - Kenya   6) Derek_Keats - South Africa




Genus Artisornis

Tailorbird,_African also Red-capped Forest-Warbler Artisornis metopias  Found: Mozambique, Tanzania
Image by: 1) Per_Holmen  2) Pinned  3) Pinned


Tailorbird,_Longbilled  Artisornis moreaui  Found: Mozambique, Tanzania
Image by: ) Per Holmen 2) Markus_Lilje



Genus Bathmocercus

Warbler, Black-capped Rufous-  also Black-headed Rufous-Warbler  Bathmocercus cerviniventris  Found: Africa
Image by: 1) Joseph Smit


Warbler, Black-faced Rufous  Bathmocercus rufus  Found: Africa
The male Black-faced Warbler has rufous upperparts, rear of head; black face. Female has olive-gray upperparts, rear of head; black face.
Image by: 1) Lee Hunter - Uganda



Genus Calamonastes

Warbler, Barred Wren-  Calamonastes fasciolatus  Found: southern Africa
Image by: 1) Dick Daniels - specimen in Nairobi National Museum, Kenya  2) Ian White


Warbler, Gray Wren  Calamonastes simplex  Found: Africa
The Grey Wern-Warbler is dark brownish-gray with inconspicuous barred markings. The tail is black and the eye red. It is more likely to be heard than seen though there may be an occasional glimpse of its tail which wags up and down as it forages. Its sharp call is rather like two stones striking each other.
Image by: 1) C. E. Lodge  2) Carol Foil - Samburu District, Kenya


Warbler, Miombo Wren- also  Stirlings Wren-Warbler  Calamonastes undosus  Found: Africa
Image by: 1) Nigel Voaden - Congo  2) Dian Derksen - Botswana 
2) Stirlings Wren-Warbler: Calamonastes (undosus) stierlingi



Genus Camaroptera

Camaroptera,_Gray-backed  Camaroptera brevicaudata  Found: Africa
The Gray-backed Camaroptera has gray upperparts and a gray short cocked tail. The wings are olive and the underparts whitish grey.
Sometimes considered same species as Green-backed Camaroptera.
Image by:  1) Derek_Keats - South Africa   2) Carol Foil - Kenya 


Camaroptera,_Green-backed  Camaroptera brachyura  Found: Africa
Sometimes considered same species as Gray-backed Camaroptera.
Image by: 1) Dick Daniels - specimen in Nairobi National Museum, Kenya  2) Jerry Oldenettel - Namibia 3) Francesco Veronesi - Malawi  4) Ian White


Camaroptera_ Olive-green  Camaroptera chloronota  Found: Africa
The Olive-green Camaroptera is found in Benin, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, and Uganda.
Image by: 1) Dave Curtis - Kenya  2) Solomaverick


Camaroptera,_Yellow-browed  Camaroptera superciliaris  Found: Africa
The Yellow-browed Camaroptera is found ins found in Angola, Benin, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Togo, and Uganda..
Image by: 1) Marcel Holyoak - Cameroon  2) Francesco_Veronesi - Ghana



Genus Cisticola
Because of their small size and brown plumage, they are more easily heard than seen.
The female builds a discreet nest deep in the grasses, often binding living leaves into the soft fabric of felted plant down, cobweb, and grass. The following refernces have been used for some descriptions:
Birds of Kenya and Northern Tanzania by Zimmerman, Turner and Pearson.
Bird of Southern Africa by Newman.

Cisticola, Aberdare  Cisticola aberdare  Found: Kenya
The Stout Cisticola has a stout body; buffy-gray upperparts with dark streaks; streaked rufous nape; reddish-brown crown; whitish underparts. Male much larger than female.
Similar to: Stout Cisticola. Stout Cisticola has plain nape and is found below 2500 meters; Aberdare Cisticola has streaked nape and is found above 2300 meters.
Image by: 1) Dave Curtis  2) Peter Steward  3) Pinned


Cisticola, Ashy   Cisticola cinereolus  Found: Africa
The Ashy Cisticoal has grayish-brown upperparts with dark streaks; brown crown; pale buffy underparts.
Image by: 1) Frederic Salein - Kenya  2) Mark Piazzi - Ethiopia


Cisticola, Black-backed  Cisticola eximius  Found: Africa
The Black-backed Cisticola has black back with white stripes; chestnt crown or black crown with white stripes; reddish or reddish brown rump. The chestnut crowned subspecies has a shorter tail.
Image by: 1, 2, 3) Joseph Mochoge - Gilgil, Kenya  4) Dave Curtis - Kenya
1, 2) Female  3) Male


Cisticola,_Black-lored  Cisticola nigriloris  Found: Malawi, Tanzania, Zambia
Image by: 1) Dave Appleton - Malawi  2) Per_Holmen - Tanzaniaq


Cisticola,_Black-tailed  also  Slender-tailed Cisticola  Cisticola melanurus  Found: Angola, D.R. Congo
The Black-tailed Cisticola's natural habitat is dry savanna and canopy of smaller trees and forages in pairs for insects.
Image by:  1) Henrik Gronvold  2, 3) Michael_Mills


Cisticola, Boran  Cisticola bodessa  Found: Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, South Sudan
The Wailing Cisticola has gray back with dark stripes; pale brown crown; paler rufous underparts; rufous wing edges.
Similar to: Wailing Cisticola. Wailing Cisticola has more rufous crown than Boran Cisticola.
Image by: 1, 2) Carol Foil - Kenya  3) Paul van Giersbergen - Ethiopia


Cisticola, Bubbling  Cisticola bulliens  Found: Angola, DR Congo
Image by: 1) Tommy Pedersen - Angola


Cisticola,_Carruthers's  Cisticola carruthersi  Found: Africa
The Carruthers's Cisticola has heavily streaked back; reddish-brown head; some brown on wings; call similar to winding of a clock.
Similar to: Winding Cisticola. Winding Cisticola has redder head than Carruthers's Cisticola. Carruthers's Cisticola has no red on wings.
Image by: 1) Hans Oloffson - Uganda  2) Brendan_Ryan - Uganda


Cisticola,_Chattering  Cisticola anonymus  Found: Africa
Image by: 1) Seth of Rabi - Nigeria  2) Nik_Borrow - Gabon  3) Ron Hoff - Gabon


Cisticola,_Chirping  Cisticola pipiens   Found: southern Africa
The Chirping Cisticol is found in d in Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Namibia, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.
Image by: 1) Lip Kee - Botswana 2) Ron Knight - Botswana  3) Mark_Paxton - Namibia


Cisticola, Chubb's  Cisticola chubbi  Found: Africa
The Chubb's Cisticola has brown upperparts; rufous crown; rufousish nape; off white underparts.
Image by: 1) Peter Steward - Kenya  2) Dave Curtis - Kenya  3) naturgucker.de


Cisticola, Churring  Cisticola njombe  Found: Malawi, Tanzania, Zambia.
Image by: 1)Fancesco Veronesi - Malawi 2) Dave Appleton - Malawi  3) Nik_Borrow


Cisticola, Cloud  Cisticola textrix Found: mostly in South Africa
The Cloud Cisticola has brown upperparts with streaking; whitish underparts; broad tail which is frequently flicked. Breeding male has darker upperparts than nonbreeding male or female..
Similar to: Cloud Cisticola, Desert Cisticola, Wing-snapping Cisticola, Zitting Cisticola. These Cisticolas are difficult to identify by plumage. Cloud Cisticola male call is see-see-see-see-chick-chick-chick or just chick repeated many times; does not wing-snap. Desert Cisticola call is high pitch zink-zink-zink... or tuc tuc tuc tuc wee; wing-snaps. Wing-snapping Cisticola male call is soo-see-see-see or ticka-ticka-ticka ..; does violent wing-snapping. Zitting Cisticola male calll is zit-zit-zit ...; does not wing-snap. (From Birds of Southern Africa by Kenneth Newman.)
Image by: 1) Alan Manson  2) Derek_Keats


Cisticola,_Cloud-scraping  also  Dambo Cisticola  Cisticola dambo Found: Angola, the DRC, Zambia
Image by: 1) Maans_Booysen - Angola  2) Pinned


Cisticola, Croaking  Cisticola natalensis  Found: Africa
Image by: 1) Dick Daniels - specimen in Nairobi National Museum, Kenya  2) Dave Curtis - Kenya  3) Aaron Maizlish - Ghana  4) Joseph Mochoge - Gilgil, Kenya


Cisticola, Desert  Cisticola aridulus  Found: Africa
The Desert Cisticola has brown upperparts with streaking; whitish underparts; broad tail which is frequently flicked. Breeding male has darker upperparts than nonbreeding male or female..
Similar to: Cloud Cisticola, Desert Cisticola, Wing-snapping Cisticola, Zitting Cisticola. These Cisticolas are difficult to identify by plumage. Cloud Cisticola male call is see-see-see-see-chick-chick-chick or just chick repeated many times; does not wing-snap. Desert Cisticola call is high pitch zink-zink-zink... or tuc tuc tuc tuc wee; wing-snaps. Wing-snapping Cisticola male call is soo-see-see-see or ticka-ticka-ticka ..; does violent wing-snapping. Zitting Cisticola male calll is zit-zit-zit ...; does not wing-snap. (From Birds of Southern Africa by Kenneth Newman.)
Image by: 1, 2) Lip Kee - Kenya  3) Ian White - Botswana


Cisticola, Dorst's  Cisticola guinea  Found: Africa
The Dorst's Cisticola has been considered a subspecies of the Red-pate Cisticola.
Image by: 1, 2) Ron Knight - Cameroon


Cisticola,_Foxy  Cisticola troglodytes  Found: Africa
The Foxy Cisticola has rufous upperparts; buffy underparts; pale eye-ring with faint supercilium.
Image by: 1) Dick Daniels - specimen in Nairobi National Museum, Kenya  2) Raphaël Jordan - Ethiopia  3) Thomas_Varto_Nielsen - Ethiopia  4) Francesco Veronesi - Uganda 


Cisticola,_Golden-headed  Cisticola exilis  China, India, southeast Asia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philillipines, Australia
The Golden-headed Cisticola is very similar in appearance to the Zitting Cisticola — however, in the breeding season males acquire a breeding plumage in which their head, throat and breast are a bright golden-orange colour, and their tails become shorter than in winter-plumage.
Image by: 1) Aviceda - Queensland, Australia  2) Shyamal  3) Geoff_Whalan  4) Nick_Talbot   5, 6) David_Jenkins  7) birdsaspoetry - Australia



Cisticola,_Gray  Cisticola rufilatus  Found: Africa
The Gray Cisticola and Levaillant's Cisticola are both sometimes know as a Tinkling Cisticola. This is of course can be confusing!
Image by: 1) Jeremy Smith- Zimbabwe  2) Francesco_Veronesi - Kenya  3) Pinned


Cisticola, Hunter's  Cisticola hunteri  Found: Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda
The Hunter's Cisticola has brown upperparts with relatively faint streaking; black lores; grayish underparts.
Image by: 1) Dick Daniels - specimen in Nairobi National Museum, Kenya  2) Peter Steward - Kenya  3) Steve Garvie - Kenya


Cisticola, Lazy   also  Rock-loving Cisticola  Cisticola aberrans  Found: Africa
The Rock-loving Cisticola, Cisticola aberrans emini, is sometimes considered a seperate species Cisticola emini.
Image by: 1) Alan Manson - South Africa  2, 3) Ian White - South Africa


Cisticola, Levaillant's also Tinkling Cisticola  Cisticola tinniens Found: Africa
Levaillant's Cisticola is a dull-coloured bird with a longish tail and a reddish cap. The upperparts of the breeding adult are gray, heavily streaked with black, and with a rufous panel in the folded wing The supercilium, face and underparts are buffy white and the tail is russet brow. The short straight bill is blackish-brown with a pinkish base, and the feet and legs are pinkish-brown. The eye is light brown. Non-breeding adults are browner-backed,

The Gray Cisticola and Levaillant's Cisticola are both sometimes know as a Tinkling Cisticola. This is of course can be confusing!
Image by: 1, 2) Craig Adam - South Africa  3) Dick Daniels - Kruger National Park, South Africa  4, 5) Carol Foil - Kenya



Cisticola, Madagascar  Cisticola cherina  Found: Madagascar, Seychelles
The Madagascar Cisticola has brown or gray with streaks upperparts, wings, head; pale undersides.
Image by: 1) Andy Bunting   2) Francesco_Veronesi 3) Amy_McAndrews


Cisticola, Pale-crowned  Cisticola cinnamomeus  Found: Africa
The Pale-crowned Cisticola used to be considered a subspecies of the Pectora-patch Cisticola. It is found in Africa from eastern South Africa to Gabon and Tanzania.
Image by: 1) Alan Manson - South Africa  2) Yolandé Oelsen


Cisticola,_Pectoral-patch  Cisticola brunnescens  Found: Africa
The Pectoral-patch Cisticolar usually has a pectoral (shoulder) patch, but it may be lacking. It has black back with white streaks; short tail.
Image by: 1) Dick Daniels - Nairobi National Park  2) Francesco Veronesi - Kenya  3) Brian Butcher - Ethiopia  4) Nik_Borrow - Ethiopia
1) Identified by Jose Mochoge.


Cisticola, Piping  also  Neddicky  Cisticola fulvicapilla  Found: Africa
The Piping Cisticola has plain brown upperparts; rufous cap; whitish or blue-gray underparts  Call is chirir- chirri-chirri-chirri in rainny season or ticki-ticki-ticki-ticki when alarmed. (From Birds of Southern Africa by Kenneth Newman.)
Image by: 1) Derek Keats  2) Ian White  3) Crawford


Cisticola, Rattling  Cisticola chiniana  Found: Africa
The Rattling Cisticola has a streaked back; rufous crown, wing edges; whitish lores
Image by: 1, 4) Ian White  2) Alan Manson  3) Jerry OLdenettel - Botswana  5) Joseph Mochoge - Gilgil, Kenya
1) Juvenile  2) Female  3, 4, 5) Male



Cisticola, Red-faced  Cisticola erythrops  Found: Africa
The Red-faced Cisticola has greenish-gray upperparts with paler nape; reddish face; pale buffy underparts with rufous tinge.
Image by: 1) Alan Manson  2) Peter Steward


Cisticola,_Red-headed  also  Gray-backed Cisticola  Cisticola subruficapilla  Found: Angola, Namibia, South Africa
The Red-headed Cisticola has gray or brown back; buff or grayish-white underparts; reddish head with dark rufous crown.
Image by: 1) Alan Manson - South Africa  2) Blake Matheson - South Africa  3, 4) Pixlab.co.za Sportphoto.co.za


Cisticola,_Red-pate  Cisticola ruficeps  Found: Africa
The Dorst's Cisticola has been considered a subspecies of the Red-pate Cisticola.
Image by: 1) Ron Knight - Cameroon  2) Paul_van_Giersbergen


Cisticola, Rufous    Found: Africa
The Rufous Cisticola is found in Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Mali, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, and Togo.
Image by: 1) Nigel Voaden


Cisticola, Siffling  also Short-winged Cisticola  Cisticola brachypterus Found: Africa
Image by: 1) Carol Foil - Kenya  2) Dave Curtis - Nairobi National Park, Kenya 3, 4, 5, 6) Dick Daniels - Kigio Wildlife Conservancy (near Gilgil), Kenya


Cisticola, Singing  Cisticola cantans  Found: Africa
The Singing Cisticola has gray-brown upperparts; dull rufous crown, wing edges.
Image by: 1) John Gerrard Keulemans  2) Dave Curtis


Cisticola, Stout  Cisticola robustus  Found: Africa
The Stout Cisticola has a stout body; buffy-gray upperparts with dark streaks; rufous nape; reddish-brown crown; short tail; whitish underparts. Male much larger than female.
Similar to: Aberdare Cisticola. Stout Cisticola has plain nape and is found below 2500 meters; Aberdare Cisticola has streaked nape and is found above 2300 meters.
Image by:  1, 2) Carol Foil - Kenya  3) Wifflepeg - Kenya  4) Dave_Curtis


Cisticola,_Tabora also Long-tailed Cisticola Cisticola angusticauda Found: Africa
The Tabora Cisticola is found in the DRC, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia
Image by: 1) Pinned


Cisticola,_Tana_River Cisticola restrictus Found: Kenya
Image by: 1) hbw.com


Cisticola, Tiny  Cisticola nana  Found: Africa
The Tiny Cisticola has grayish upperparts with darker streaks; pale underparts.
Image by:  1, 2, 3) Jose Mochoge - Kenya
1, 2) Female  3) Male


Cisticola,_Trilling  Cisticola woosnami  Found: Africa
The Trilling Cisticola has brown upperparts; large bill; white underparts; gray flanks.
Image by: 1) Mike and Helen Cox - Uganda  2) David Cook - Uganda  3) Nigel_Voaden - DR Congo


Cisticola, Wailing  Cisticola lais  Found: Africa
The Wailing Cisticola has gray back with dark stripes; pale rufous-brown crown with faint streaking; paler rufous underparts; rufous wing edges.
Similar to: Boran Cisticola. Wailing Cisticola has more rufous crown than Boran Cisticola.
Image by: 1) Alan Manson - South Africa  2) Marcel Holyoak - Zambia  3) Nik_Borrow


Cisticola, Whistling  Cisticola lateralis  Found: Africa
Image by: 1) Peter Steward - Kenya  2) John_Hamilton - Gambia


Cisticola, Winding  Cisticola galactotes  Found: Africa
The Winding Cisticola has heavily streaked back; rufous head; some rufous on wings; call similar to winding of a clock.
Similar to: Carruthers's Cisticola. Winding Cisticola has redder head than Carruthers's Cisticola. Carruthers's Cisticola has no red on wings.
Image by: 1) Dick Daniels - specimen in Nairobi National Museum, Kenya  2, 3) Dick - Nairobi National Park
2, 3) Tentative identification - the black line on head is problematic.


Cisticola, Wing-snapping  Cisticola ayresii  Found: Africa
The Wing-snapping Cisticola has brown upperparts with streaking; whitish underparts; broad tail which is frequently flicked. Breeding male has darker upperparts than nonbreeding male or female..
Similar to: Cloud Cisticola, Desert Cisticola, Wing-snapping Cisticola, Zitting Cisticola. These Cisticolas are difficult to identify by plumage. Cloud Cisticola male call is see-see-see-see-chick-chick-chick or just chick repeated many times; does not wing-snap. Desert Cisticola call is high pitch zink-zink-zink... or tuc tuc tuc tuc wee; wing-snaps. Wing-snapping Cisticola male call is soo-see-see-see or ticka-ticka-ticka ..; does violent wing-snapping. Zitting Cisticola male calll is zit-zit-zit ...; does not wing-snap. (From Birds of Southern Africa by Kenneth Newman.)
Image by: 1) Joseph Wolf  2) Alan Manson - South Africa  3, 4, 5, 6) Dick Daniels - near Nairobi, Kenya


Cisticola, Zitting   also  Fan-tailed Cisticola  Cisticola juncidis  Found: Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia
The Zitting Cisticola has brown upperparts with streaking; whitish underparts; broad tail which is frequently flicked. Breeding male has darker upperparts than nonbreeding male or female..
Similar to: Cloud Cisticola, Desert Cisticola, Wing-snapping Cisticola, Zitting Cisticola. These Cisticolas are difficult to identify by plumage. Cloud Cisticola male call is see-see-see-see-chick-chick-chick or just chick repeated many times; does not wing-snap. Desert Cisticola call is high pitch zink-zink-zink... or tuc tuc tuc tuc wee; wing-snaps. Wing-snapping Cisticola male call is soo-see-see-see or ticka-ticka-ticka ..; does violent wing-snapping. Zitting Cisticola male calll is zit-zit-zit ...; does not wing-snap. (From Birds of Southern Africa by Kenneth Newman.)
Similar to: Golden-headed Cisticola is very similar in appearance to the Zitting Cisticola — however, in the breeding season males acquire a breeding plumage in which their head, throat and breast are a bright golden-orange colour, and their tails become shorter than in winter-plumage.
Image by: 1) JM Garg - West Bengal, India  2, 3) Ferran Pestana - Spain  4) Ian White - Botswana



Genus Drymocichla

Warbler, Red-winged Gray  Drymocichla incana  Found: Africa
Image by: 1) Joseph Smit  2) Michael and Helen Cox



Genus Eminia

Warbler, Gray-capped  Eminia lepida  Found: Africa
The Gray-capped Warbler has yellowish-olive upperparts; gray cap, underparts; broad black eye-line; chestnut throat;
Image by: 1) Dick Daniels - specimen in Nairobi National Museum, Kenya  2) Demetrius Kessey - Tanzania  3) Sergey Yeliseev - Kenya



Genus Eremomela

Eremomela,_Black-necked  Eremomela atricollis  Found: Africa
The Black-nected Eremomela has yellow fore-crown, throat; broad black eye-line; narrow black fore-collar; whitish underparts.
Immage by: 1) Nigel Voaden - Congo


Eremomela,_Burnt-neck Eremomela usticollis  Found: Africa
Image by: 1) Joseph Smit 2) Ian White 3) Johann du Preez - South Africa


Eremomela,_Green-backed  Eremomela canescens Found: tropical Africa
The Green-backed Eremomela is found from Kenya to Cameroon and southern Sudan. It has olive-green upperparts; gray head with dark lores; white throat; yellowish underparts.
Image by: 1) Jason_Anderson


Eremomela,_Greencap  also  Green-capped Eremomela  Eremomela scotops  Found: Africa
Image by: 1) Dick Daniels - specimen in Nairobi National Museum, Kenya  2) Derek_Keats - South Africa  3) Maans_Booysen - Zimbabwe


Eremomela,_Rufous-crowned  Eremomela badiceps  Found: Africa
The Rufous-crowned Eremomemla has dark gray upperparts;  rufuous fore-crown; broad black eye-line; white throat; black fore-collar; pale gray underparts.
Image by: 1) Debbie - Central African Republic  2) Francesco_Veronesi - Ghana


Eremomela,_Salvadori's  Eremomela salvadorii Found: Angola, G `abon, Zaire, Zambia
The Salvadori's Eremomela is sometimes considered conspecific with the Yellow-vented Eremomela.
Image by: 1) Marc_LANGUY


Eremomela,_Senegal  Eremomela pusilla  Found: equatorial Africa
Image by: 1) JV Verde - Gambia  2) Muchaxo - Gambia  3) Bruno_PORTIER


Eremomela,_Turner's  Eremomela turneri  Found: Africa
The Turner's Eremomela has gray upperparts;  chestnut forehead; whitish underparts with black collar.
Image by: 1) hbw.com  2) Dave Curtis - Kenya


Eremomela,_Yellow-bellied  Eremomela icteropygialis Found: soutn of the Sahara in Africa
The Yellow-bellied Eremomela has gray upperparts; blackish eye-line; grayish breast; yellow belly.
Image by: 1) Alan_Manson- South Africa  2) Paul_van_Giersbergen


Eremomela,_Yellow-rumped  also  Karoo Eremomela  Eremomela gregalis  Found: Namibia, South Africa
Image by: 1) Dave Baddle  South Africa 2) Birdsurfer - South Africa  3) Alan_Manson


Eremomela,_Yellow-vented  Eremomela flavicrissalis  Found: dry savannas of Africa
The Salvadori's Eremomela is sometimes considered conspecific with the Yellow-vented Eremomela.
Image by: 1, 2) Dave Curtis  - Kenya



Genus Euryptila - 1 species

Warbler, Cinnamon-breasted  also  Kopje Warbler  Euryptila subcinnamomea Found: Namibia, South Africa
Image by: 1) Alan Manson - South Africa



Genus Heliolais - 1 species

Warbler, Red-winged  Heliolais erythropterus  Found: Africa
The Red-winged Warbler has grayish-brown (breeding) or reddish-brown (nonbreeding) upperparts; red wing patch; off-white underparts
Image by: 1) Dick Daniels - specimen in Nairobi National Museum, Kenya  2) Nik_Borrow


Genus Hypergerus - 1 species

Warbler, Oriole   Hypergerus atriceps    Found: Africa
The Oriole Warbler has a long tail, strong legs and a long black bill. Adults are light olive above, yellow below and have a black hood. The species' name refers to their resemblance to the unrelated but similarly black and yellow orioles.
Image by: 1) Dick Daniels - San Diego Zoo  2) Dick Daniels - San Diego Zoo  3) Steve_Garvie - Gambia



Genus Incana - 1 species

Warbler,_Socotra   Incana incana   Found: Socotra - off Somalia
Image by: 1) Morten Ross



Genus Malcorus - 1 species

Warbler, Rufous-eared  Malcorus pectoralis  Found: Africa
Image by: 1) Alastair Rae  2) Mike Richardson - South Africa



Genus Micromacronus

Warbler,_Letye_Plumed-  also Visayan Minature-Babbler Micromacronus leytensis Found; Philippines
Image by: 1) Yann Muzika - Samar, Philippines


Warbler,_Mindanao_Plumed-  also Mindanao Minature-Babbler  Micromacronus sordidus Found; Philippines
Image by: 1)Tonji_Ramos



Genus Neomixis
These three African Warblers are endemic to Madagascar. The Wedge-tailed Jerry was previously considered to be part of this genus.

Jery, Common  Neomixis tenella  Found: Madagascar
Image by: 1) John Gerrard Keulemans  2) Ross Tsai  3, 4, 5) Dick Daniels Kirindy Forest, Madagascar



Jery, Green  Neomixis viridis  Found: Madagascar
Image by: 1) Laval Roy


Jery, Stipe-throated  Neomixis striatigula  Found: Madagascar
Image by: 1) John Gerrard Keuelmans  2) Robert Lewis 3) Bryan Smith



Genus Orthotomus
These warblers are usually brightly colored, with green or grey upperparts and yellow white or gray underparts. They often have chestnut on the head. Tailorbirds have short rounded wings, short tails, strong legs and long curved bills. The tail is typically held upright, like a wren. They are typically found in open woodland, scrub and gardens. They get their name from the way their nest is constructed. The edges of a large leaf are pierced and sewn together with plant fibre or spider's web to make a cradle in which the actual grass nest is built. Tailorbirds are found mainly in southeast Asia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines.

Tailoerbird, Ashy  Orthotomus ruficeps  Found: southeast Asia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines
Image by: 1) Lip Kee - Singapore  2) Melvin Yap - Singapore 3) Manjeet  Singh - Malaysia


Tailorbird,_Cambodian  Orthotomus chaktomuk  Found: Cambodia
The Cambodian Tailorbird has dark gray upperparts, upper-breast; orange-red crown; whitish cheeks; black throat with white "whiskers"; pale gray lower-breast, belly.
Image by: 1) John Gerrard Keulemans  2) Tony Sawbridge  3) James Eaton


Tailorbird, Common  Orthotomus sutorius  Found: Asia
The Common Tailorbird has a greenish upper body plumage, long upright tail and the rust colured forehead and crown. It is typically found in open farmland, scrub, forest edges and gardens.
Image by: 1, 4) J M Garg - Hyderabad , India  2) Yim Hafiz  3) Bhardwaj Shanthanu - India
1, 2, 3) Male  4) Female


Tailorbird, Dark-necked   Orthotomus atrogularis  Found: Asia, Indonesia, Malaysia
Image by: 1) Lip Kee - Indonesia  2) NatureAtYourBackyard  3) Rushen - Thailand  4) Charlie Westerinen - northern Thailand


Tailorbird,_Gray-backed  Orthotomus derbianus  Found: Philippines
Image by: 1) Joseph Wolf  2) Neon Rosell  3) Rafael Vila


Tailorbird,_Green-backed  Orthotomus chloronotus  Found: Philippines
Image by: 1) Ramon J Quisumbing


Tailorbird, Olive-backed  Orthotomus sepium  Found: Java and Bali in Indonesia
Image by: 1) Wade Strickland - West Java   2) laloq3 - malaysia


Tailorbird, Philippine    Orthotomus castaneiceps  Found: Philippines
Image by: 1) Dominic Deloso


Tailorbird, Rufous-fronted Orthotomus frontalis  Found: Philippines
Image by: 1) John Gerrard Keulemans  2) Marcel Holyoak   3) Ramon_Quisumbing


Tailorbird, Rufous-tailed Orthotomus sericeus  Found: southeast Asia, Indonesia, Malaysia
mage by: 1, 2) Rackk67 Orthotomus sutorius 


Tailorbird,_Visayan   also Philippine Tailorbird Orthotomus castaneiceps  Found: Philippines
Image by: 1) Jon Hornbuckle


Tailorbird,_White-browed also Black-headed Tailorbird   Orthotomus nigriceps  Found: Philippines
Image by: 1) Ramon_Quisumbing  2) Benedict De Laender


Tailorbird. White-eared  Orthotomus cinereiceps  Found: Philippines
Image by: 1) John Gerrard Keulemans  2) Bram Demeulemeester


Tailorbird,_Yellow-breasted  Orthotomus samarensis  Found: Philippines
Image by: 1) Jon Hornbuckle  2) Patrik Jonasson



Genus Phyllolais - 1 Genus

Warbler, Buff-bellied  Phyllolais pulchella  Found: Africa
The Buff-bellied Warbler has gray-brown upperparts; buff underparts.
Image by: 1) Peter Steward - Kenya



Genus Poliolais - 1 species

Warbler, White-tailed  Poliolais lopezi  Found: Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Nigeria
Image by: 1) John Gerrard Keulemans  2) Nigel Voadem - Cameroon



Genus Prinia
The prinias are tropical and subtropical, the roughly thirty species being divided fairly equally between Africa and Asia. They are mainly of open habitats such as long grass or scrub, in which they are not easily seen. They are mainly resident, migration being limited to local cold weather movements. Prinias have short wings but long tapering tails. They are fairly drab birds, brown or gray above (sometimes with dark streaks) and whitish below. Some species have different breeding and non-breeding plumages. The bill is a typical insectivore's, thin and slightly curved. There are approximately 25 species.

Prinia,_Ashy  Prinia socialis  Found: India region
The Ashy Prinia has short rounded wings and longish graduated cream tail tipped with black subterminal spots. The tail is usually held upright. They have a short black bill. The crown is gray and the underparts are rufous in most plumages. In breeding plumage, adults of the northern population are ash gray above, with a black crown and cheek with no supercilium and rufescent wings. In non-breeding season, this population has a short and narrow white supercilium.[
Image by: 1, 2, 3) J M Garg - Lotus Pond, Hyderabad, India.


Prinia,_Banded  Prinia bairdii  Found: Africa
The Banded Prinia has dark brown upperparts; black head; black-and-white barred underparts with a white lower-belly; yellow eyes.
Image by: 1) Dick Daniels - specimen in Nairobi National Museum, Kenya  2) Steve Garvie - Kenya  3) Nik Borrow
1) unrealistic eye


Prinia,_Bar-winged  Prinia familiaris  Found: Indonesia
The Bar-winged Prinia has brown back,tail; gray cap; 2 white wing-bars; white throat; yellowish underparts; orange legs.
Image by: 1, 2, 3) Lip Kee - Java


Prinia,_Black-chested  Prinia flavicans  Found: Africa
The Black-chrested Prinia is found in Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.
Image by: 1, 2) Ian White - Botswana  3) Charles_J_Sharp - South Africa  4) William Nortje - Namibia


Prinia,_Black-throated Prinia atrogularis  Found: eastern Himalayas
The Black-throated Prinia was previously considered conspecific with the Hill Prinia.
Image by: 1) Jerry Oldenettel - Thailand 2) Naturelly  3) Ian White - Botswana


Prinia,_Brown   Prinia polychroa  Found: China, southeast Asia, Indonesia
Image by: 1) JJ Harrison - Thailand  2) Jan_Fischer_Rasmussen - Thailand


Prinia,_Drakensberg  Prinia hypoxantha  Found: South Africa
The Drakensberk Prinia has brown upperparts; whitish supercilium; yellowish underparts with dark streaking; pinkish-brown legs; pale eye.
Image by: 1)Alan Manson  2) Francesco Veronesi


Prinia,_Graceful  Prinia gracilis  Found: Africa, Asia
The Graceful Prinia has gray-brown upperparts with dark streaking; whitish underparts with buff flanks; short black bill.
Image by: 1) Tarique Sani - India  2) Imran_Shah - Pakistan  3) Noel Reynolds - Abu Dhabi


Prinia,_Gray-breasted  Prinia hodgsonii  Found: Asia
The Gray-breasted Prinia has short rounded wings, a longish tail, strong legs and a short black bill. In breeding plumage, adults are gray-brown above, with no supercilium, a black eye stripe and orange eyering. They have a rufous wing panel and underparts are white with a gray breast band. Non-breeding birds have browner upperpart plumage, a white supercilium, and lack the breast band.
Image by: 1) J M Garg - India  2) Imran_Shah - Pakistan   3) Darren Bellerby  4) Lip Kee - India  5) Joby_Joseph



Prinia,_Gray-crowned   Prinia cinereocapilla  Found: Bhutan, India, Nepal
Image by: 1) Padmanav_Kundu - India


Prinia,_Hill  Prinia superciliaris  Found: China, southeast Asia, Indonesia, Malaysia
Similar to: Black-throated Prinia.
Image by: 1) Francesco_Veronesi - Thailand  2, 3) Gary_Kinard - Thailand


Prinia,_Jungle   Prinia sylvatica  Found: Indian subcontinent, Sri Lanka
The breeding Jungle Prinia has gray-brown upperparts; brown rump; white supercilium; whitish buff underparts. Nonbreeding has brown upperparts; more buff underparts.
Image by: 1, 2) Joby Josleph  3) JM Garg - India
1) Juvenile


Prinia,_Karoo  Prinia maculosa  Found: southern Africa
The Karoo Prinia has brown upperparts; whiteish supercilium; yeoowish-white underparts with dark streaking.
Image by: 1) Derek Keats - South Africa  2)Logan Kahle - South Africa 3) Mike Richardson - South Africa  4) Robert_Muckley


Prinia,_Namaqua   Prinia substriata  Found: Nambia, South Africa
Image by: 1) Maans_Booysen


Prinia,_Pale  Prinia somalica  Found: Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, South Sudan
Image by: 1) Graham Ekins - Ethiopia  2) Francesco_Veronesi - Kenya


Prinia,_Plain  Prinia inornata Found: Asia
The Plain Prinia has short rounded wings, a longish tail, strong legs and a short black bill. In breeding plumage, adults are gray-brown above, with a short white supercilium and rufous fringes on the closed wings. Underparts are whitish-buff. In winter, the upperparts are a warmer brown, and the underparts more buff. The tail is longer than in summer.
Image by: 1, 2) JM Garg in Kolkata, West Bengal, Indi  3) Lin_Sun_Fong - Taiwan.


Prinia,_Red-winged   Prinia erythroptera  Found: Africa
Image by: 1) Michael_Andersen


Prinia,_River  Prinia fluviatilis  Found: Africa
The River Prinia is found in northern Senegal, along the Niger River (near the border between Mali and Niger) and around Lake Chadac.
Image by: 1) Ron Knight - Cameroon  2) Jan Fischer Rasmussen - Niger   3) Nik Borrow


Prinia,_Roberts's   Prinia robertsi  Found: Mozambique, Zimbabwe
Image by: 1) Per_Holmen - Zimbabwe


Prinia,_Rufescent   Prinia rufescens Found: south Asia
Image by: 1) Ron Knight  2, 3) Vijay Ismavel


Prinia,_Rufous-fronted  Prinia buchanani  Found: India and Pakistan
Image by: 1) Koshy Koshy - India  2) Lip Kee - India  3) Aaron_Maizlish


Prinia,_Rufous-vented also Long-tailed Grass-Warbler  Prinia burnesii  Found: Asia
The Rufous-vented Prinia has brown upperparts; dark streaks on forehead; whitish underparts with tawny tinge; rufous uner-tail coverts.
Image by: 1) Naveen Toppo  2) Saurabhsawantphoto  3) Abhinav_Chaudhary


Prinia,_São Tomé  Prinia molleri   Founds: islands off west central Africa
Image by: 1, 2) naturgucker


Prinia,_Striated  Prinia crinigera  Found: southern Asia
Image by: 1) KC Hung  2) Cheer2 - Taiwan


Prinia,_Swamp  Prinia cinerascens  Found:India, Bangladesh
The Swamp Prinia has olive-gray upperparts; streaked forehead; grayish-white underparts;
Image by: 1) Ali Arsh


Prinia,_Tawny-flanked  Prinia subflava Found: Africa
The Tawny-flanked Prinia has a long, narrow, graduated tail and a fairly long, slender bill. The tail is often held erect or waved from side to side. The upperparts are gray-brown with rufous-brown edges to the flight feathers and a rufous tinge to the rump. The throat and breast are whitish while the flanks and vent are warm buff. There is a whitish stripe over the eye and the lores are dark. The tail feathers have a white tip and a dark subterminal band.
Image by: 1) Arno Meintjes  2) Joseph Mochoge - Gilgil, Kenya  3) Bernard_Dupont - South Africa


Prinia,_Yellow-bellied  Prinia flaviventris  Found: Asia
Image by: 1)  Darren Bellerby - Hong Kong Wetland Park, Hong Kong  2) Earthshine - Hong Kong  3) Ray Cui  4) Imran_Shah - Pakistan  5) Andy_Li




Genus Scepomycter - 1 species

Warbler,_Winifred's  also Mrs Moreau's Warbler  Scepomycter winifredae  Found: Tanzania
The Winifred's Warbler is found in the Uluguru Mountains in Tanzania.
Image by: 1) hbw.com



Genus Schistolais

Prinia,_Sierra_Leone  Schistolais leontica  Found: Ivory Coast, Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone
Image by: 1, 2) Ben Phalan - Liberia


Prinia,_White-chinned  Schistolais leucopogon  Found: Africa
1) Peter Steward - Kenya  2) Hans Olofsson



Genus Spiloptila - 1 species

Longtail, Cricket  also  Cricket Warbler  Spiloptila clamans  Found:Africa
The Cricket Warbler has pale buffy-rufous upperparts; black streaks on crown; white supercilium; creamy white underparts; long tail with black and white tipped feathers.
Image by: 1) Nicolas Le Jeune    2) Tomas Svensson  3) Brendan_Ryan



Genus Urolais - 1 species

Longtail,_Green  Urolais epichlorus  Found: Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Nigeria.
1) John Gerrard Keulemans  2) Christian_Artuso - Cameroon


Genus Urorhipis - 1 species

Warbler, Red-fronted  Urorhipis rufifrons  Found: Africa
Image by: 1) Peter Steward - Kenya






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